Spine Health and Aging: Managing Degenerative Disc Disease

As we age, our spine naturally undergoes wear and tear. One of the most common age-related spine conditions is Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), where the discs between the vertebrae lose hydration, flexibility, and height over time. Although the term “disease” may sound concerning, DDD is a normal part of aging. Still, for many people, it can contribute to chronic back or neck pain, stiffness, or nerve compression.

Understanding what happens inside the spine—and how to manage it—can help you stay active, minimize discomfort, and protect long-term spinal health.

What Is Degenerative Disc Disease?

Intervertebral discs act as cushions between the bones of your spine. Each disc has:

• A tough, fibrous outer layer
• A gel-like inner core that absorbs shock

Over time, discs lose hydration and elasticity. This can lead to:

• Disc thinning
• Bulging or herniated discs
• Bone spur formation
• Inflammation around spinal joints
• Irritation or compression of nearby nerves

Not everyone with disc degeneration experiences pain, but when symptoms occur, they can impact daily function and quality of life.

Common Symptoms of DDD

• Chronic neck or lower back pain
• Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, or lifting
• Stiffness after inactivity
• Pain radiating into the arms or legs
• Numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness
• Reduced flexibility or mobility

Risk Factors for Degenerative Disc Disease

While aging is the primary factor, other contributors include:

• Genetics
• Physically demanding work
• Smoking
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Prior spine injury
• Obesity or metabolic conditions

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Physical Therapy

Exercises that strengthen core and spinal support muscles can improve stability, posture, and mobility.

Medications

• Anti-inflammatories
• Muscle relaxants
• Nerve pain medications

Lifestyle Modifications

• Staying active with low-impact exercise
• Improving posture and ergonomics
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding smoking

Interventional Pain Procedures

• Epidural steroid injections to reduce nerve inflammation
• Facet joint injections to target joint pain
• Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for longer-lasting relief from facet pain

When Surgery May Be Necessary

Surgery is considered when:

• Pain persists despite conservative treatment
• There is significant nerve compression
• Disc degeneration causes spinal instability

Procedures may include discectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, or motion-preserving disc replacement.

Protecting Your Spine as You Age

• Regular low-impact exercise (walking, swimming, yoga)
• Core strengthening
• Healthy posture and ergonomics
• Weight management
• Anti-inflammatory nutrition

Proactive care can help you maintain strength, mobility, and quality of life well into your later years.

When to See a Specialist

If you’re experiencing persistent pain, radiating symptoms, or limited mobility, a spine specialist can help identify the cause and recommend personalized treatment.

Degenerative Disc Disease doesn’t have to define your aging experience. With proper care, you can stay active, comfortable, and in control of your spine health.